Geotechnical Engineering

Karl Terzaghi(Father of Modern Soil Mechanics)

notes: p aku xpws atila ngnnya tok nangga mukanya gik dah sak nyusah org blaja nak

plek2..hahaha.dahla da cgek artikel padah tymnya molah lecture nya madah soil failure is no longer an "an act of God"..paloi..kun fayakun..pa kw mok jawap??haha.mun tuhan madah kiamat dunia

kiamatlah dunia...

A Historical Perspective

b4 start alkisah geotech tok aku teringat tym fes lecture lok lecturer aku Dr. Syed Baharom(lecturer mkrng pun perspective) nya madah jadi geotech eng tok ng xda org pandang..haha.kecyan x nenga??padahal benda toklah paling basic bagi every structure yg mok dipolah kat atas tanah(cne gik mun x atas tanah??haha.p adala structure ats aek ya pun stakat tok aku twk oil rig atas kapal n rumah kecik2 p still jwk ada columnya perlu tanam dalam tanah).cuba tkrng pike, mun ada bangunan kedak KLCC ya ka or mana2 bangunan nak hebat2 kat dunia tok ada X org nanyak sapa geotech engineer di sebalik projectya?xda nak??nak3??haha.mesti org akn nanyak sapa designer blidingya oo..tere da jak..sapa ndakka nama arkitek nak molahya..gila bab! na jwk..tere oo nya design..hahah.xdala org mok lalek pasal geotech eng ya tek..padahal tanpa geotech eng lom tentu gik mana2 projek besar kedakya dapat dilaksanakan kecualila developerya merasuah kerajaan k meluluskan approval pake polah projek kat sesuatu kawasanya..haha.cdak main tipoo mun dapat!!hah nektok dah dapat idea camne rasa menjadis seorang geotechnical engineer??hehe.not a gud impression though sebab this job is not a faymes one but that's the ugly truth...heheh.so, let's start with the boring part!!!

For eng. purposes, soil is defined as the uncemented aggregate of mineral grains n decayed organic matter(solid particles) with liquid n gas in the empty spaces between the solid particles...yah gila nak panjang ada definition pake tanah ajak...haha. cdakya dah angol kali.. tanah tok is used as a construction material in various civil engineering projects, and paling penting it supports structural foundations. Jadi, civil engineers perlula study pasal properties of soil tok.kimen byk..benda cam origin, grain-size distribution, kebolehan k drain water, compressibility, shear strength, ngan load bearing capacity. xpat mok explen sebab byk gilak n aku bukan karl terzaghi(father of modern soil mchanics) or lecturer geotech..huhuh. jadi, Soil Mechanics tok tek cam cgek cabang science that deals wif the study of the physical properties of soil and the behaviour of soil masses yg subjected to various types of forces lah. Soils Engineering tok kira cam application dari principles of soil mechanics ngan practical problems yg ada dalam dunia sebenar.. Geotechnical Eng. tok subdiscipline bagi civil engineering yg berkaitan ngan natural minerals dekat ngan permukaan bumi. it includes application from principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics sampela ke design of foundations, retaining structures, ngan earth structures.

Geotech Eng Jaman 18th Century

tym tok ng merinsak cdak...sebab xda record of org yg guna tanah jadi construction material..lost in antiquity..haha.ditelan zaman...terok na zaman tok eh makan benda2 camya(xpatooot).haha. In tru engineering terms, pemahaman of geotechnical engineering as known of today began early 18th century camya mun ekot kata(Skempton, 1985)lah. for years, the art of geotechnical eng was based on only past experiences thru succesion of experimentation..kira org dolok pun koboi2 jwk molah bangunan tok..hahah. ekot nasib mun x ruboh bangunan kira berjayala..xda real scientific charachter..Based on exp tok, byk bangunan dah dipolah - some of which have crumbled, while others still berdiri teguh sampe ke kinek..

kita dah belajar sejarah dolok nak yg madah ancient civilizations flourished along banks of rivers cam Nile(Egypt), Tigris Euphrates(Mesopotamia), Huang Ho (Yellow River, China), ngan Indus(India). back in 2000 bc dykes(bok wiki tek ada maksud lesbian indah..haha. p context yg btolnya levee, a natural or artificial slope or wall to regulate water levels ) dibina k protect bandar cdak Mohenjo Dara(Pakistan nektok lepas 1947). Tym Dynasty Chan (1120 to 249 bc) dykes tok dpolah k irrigation purposes(nak k ngaek tanah kedak kaedah windmillya kali). Ancient Greek civilization lain cerita..cdak make isolated pad footings ngan strip-and raft k molah foundation bangunan..tym 2750 bc 5 igek pyramid terpenting dibina in a period less than a cemtury...wow kira bykya..(Saqarah, Meidum, Dahsur South ngan North, n las skali Cheops). Rah China tym kedatangan Buddhism lok tym jaman Dynasty Han bykla dibina pagoda..byk structure tok dibina atas silt ngan soft clay yg kira x gus jwkla lam geotech eng.boleh nyebab foundation pressure exceeds load-bearing capacity yg boleh merusak structure..

Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy

hah tok tkrng mesti kenal...Leaning Tower of Pisa kat Italy...this is one famous examples of problems yg related ngan load-bearing capacity. Structure tok weights around 15,700 metric tons n disapot oleh circular base ngan radius 20m jak..tower tok dari dolok mula2 senget ke east, north, west, pasya las skali south..haha.reasonnya tek latest discovery cdak padah debahnya ada weak clay layer at a depth of 11m bawah tanah...taun 1990 ditutup sebab cdak takut bangunanya ruboh!!woii ruboh katel!!hahaha.pasya cdak amik measure cam excavating soil sampe 70 ton bawah tanah nun in 41 separate extractions from north side of the tower..bial dah da ruang kosong debahya, lak tanahya akan settle down k ngisik ruang kosongya so tiltya dapat dikurangkan..nektok towerya tilt 5 degree..kurang .5 degree dari nak asal dolok..walaupun ckit jak kurangnya p sebenarnya ya akn molah structureya lebeyh stabil..xcayak tyk ngan lecturer..huhuh.dak gik cerita pasal sejarah..lejuk aku..hahaha.

after encountered several foundation-related problems during construction, engineer n scientist mula bok sedar betapa pentingnya ngan properties n behaviour of soils tok starting early 18th century tek..

4 major periods in area of geotechnical engineering(Skempton, 1985):

1. Pre-classical (1700 to 1776 A.D)

2. Classical Soil Mechanics - Phase I (1776 to 1856 A.D)

3. Classical Soil Mechanics - Phase II (1856 to 1910 A.D)

4. Modern Soil Mechanics (1910 to 1927 A.D)